Photovoltaic pv panels collect solar radiation directly from the sun from the sky and from sunlight reflected off the ground or area surrounding the pv panel.
Satellite solar panel orientation.
The rule is that if you live in the southern hemisphere you should point your panels true north and if you live in the northern hemisphere you should point them true south.
Orienting the pv panel in a direction and tilt to maximize its exposure to direct sunlight will optimize the collection efficiency.
In the northern hemisphere the general rule for solar panel placement is solar panels should face true south and in the southern true north.
This is because the sun is always in the southern half of the sky in the northern hemisphere.
Unlike larger satellites where the surface area available on the external structures is much greater cubesats.
For the best results solar panels should be oriented towards the south.
Usually this is the best direction because solar panels will receive direct light throughout the day.
Orientation of the panels.
While the angle of your solar panels is important a more important factor in your energy production is going to be the direction your panels face.